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''Some amazing Miniature Bulbophyllum Species from the Philippines''

12/1/2018

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Jim Cootes & Dr. Wolfgang Rysy


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The type plant of Bulbophyllum betchei F.Muell. (sect. Polymeres) was collected by the German orchid collector Ernst BETCHE on Samoa and this species was named in his honour. The small epiphyte has a patent to pendolous, sparsely branched rhozome, which is up to 10 cm long. The red-brown striped flowers appear from the base of the pseudobulbs and are about 1.2 cm across the widest point. It is a most attractive plant. This is a widely distributed species, which has been found in Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, New Guinea, the Carolines, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji and Samoa. In the Philippines it has been found on the island of Leyte and Samar, where it grows as an epiphyte at elevations of about 600 m.
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Bulbophyllum canlaonense Ames (sect. Minutissima) was described from plants collected on the active vocano, Mount Kanlaon, which is on the island of Negros. It was named after this volcano. There is considerable variation in the colouration of this species. The first author has seen flowers which are golden brown and others which are claret red. It is endemic to the Philippines and has been recorded from Benguet province on Luzon, the islands of Leyte, Negros, Panay and Samar in the Visayan Sea, as well as Bukidnon and Misamis on Mindanao, where it grows as an epiphyte on the branches and trunks of trees at elevations of between 1300 and 2300 m.
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This exquisite (= lat. exquisitus) miniature plant has beautiful, large flowers about 1.5 cm across. Bulbophyllum exquisitum Ames (sect. Macrocaulia) is endemic to the Philippines and has been recorded from the Mountain province; the island of Leyte in the Visayan Sea; and the province of Misamis Oriental on Mindanao, where it grows as an epiphyte at elevations above 2000 m.
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Bulbophyllum lipense Ames (sect. Hybochilus) appears to be closely related to Bulbophyllum colubrimodum, but differs in the broader, shorter floral segments. The specific epithet refers to Mount Lipa in Bukidnon province, where the type specimens  were collected. It is endemic to the Philippines and is only known from the provinces of Bukidnon and Misamis on the island of Mindanao where it grows as an epiphyte at elevations of around 1200 m.
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Bulbophyllum ovalifolium (Blume) Lindl. (sect. Macrocaulia), with small pseudobulbs and more or less oval leaves (= lat. ovalifolius) is a most delightful species with its brightly coloured blooms up to 2 cm diameter. The colour is extremly variable ranging from bright yellow, to orange, and dull red. The hair like inflorescence is about 6 cm long and carries only a single flower, which stands well above the foliage. It is a widley spread species and it has been recorded from Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi (Celebes), and Borneo. In the Philippines, it is known from the island of Biliran; the provinces of northern Mindanao; and Palawan, where it grows as an epiphyte at elevations over 500 m.
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Bulbophyllum restrepia (Ridl.) Ridl. (sect. Hoplandra) was first (1893) described as Cirrhopetalum restrepia, which stretches definitions of that genus to the limit. The epiphet makes reference to the similarity with flowers of the genus Restrepia. It is a widely distributed species, which has been recorded from Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo Maluku (the Moluccas) and New Guinea. In the Philippines it is known from the island of Samar; and the north on Mindanao, where it grows asa an epiphyte at elevations of about 300 m.

Photos by J. Cootes, R. Boos & W. Suarez
Published in Die Orchidee 69(6) 2018: 438 - 445
​

https://orchidee.de/gesellschaft/die-orchidee/
Abstract: The Genus Bulbophyllum is represented, in the Philippines, by at least 130 species. Many of the species have large flowers, but there are just as many that have small, but still very showy blooms. It is these miniatures which we wish to introduce here.

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Bulbophyllum boosii J.J.Verm. & Kindler (sect. Polymeres) has recently been found on northern Mindanao and only named three years ago. The origin of the type plant is not known, but Mr. Ronny BOOS shares a photo of a different plant from Samar. This species was named in his honour. The whole plant is only 4 - 5 cm tall. The blooms are 1.5 cm large and a most attractive yellow in colour, the labellum is in the front area almost black, which makes a very nice contrast. There is a form of this species, which occurs on the island of Sibuyan that has black petals. The plants from Samar were found at about 600 m elevation, whereas those from northern Mindanao come from about 1200 m.
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Bulbophyllum colubrimodum Ames (sect. Hybochilus) is endemic to the Philippines and has been recorded from the islands of Mindoro and Leyte, the provinces of Misamis and Zamboanga on Mindanao. The specific epithet refers to the apex of the labellum, which in some positions, resembles the head of a snake, about to strike. This is also a very variable species in its colouration. The flowers are non-resupinate (having the labellum uppermost). It grows as an epiphyte at elevations of about 600 m.
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Bulbophyllum halconense Ames (sect. Minutissima) is named after Mount Halcon, on the Island of Mindoro, which is reputably one of the most treacherous mountains in the Philippines. The plant has conical pseudobulbs that have a wrinkled appearance. The flowers are about 3 cm in height. It is endemic to the Philippines and has also been recorded from Zambales province on Luzon; and Mount Halcon in the north of the island of Mindoro, where it grows as an epiphyte on the branches and trunks of trees at elevations of between 1500 and 2500 m.
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Bulbophyllum mindorense Ames (sect. Minutissima) is barely 3 cm tall, but it carries flowers, which are more than 2 cm in diameter. The inflorescence extends well past the foliage and can appear from either the base of the pseudobulb or along the rhizome. It has been recored from southern Luzon, the islands of Mindoro (named after this island), Leyte and the province of Misamis Oriental on Mindanao.
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Bulbophyllum peramoenum Ames (sect. Minutissima) is a most delightful species (= lat. peramoenus), with its whisker-like petals and amazing labellum, the tip of which has the appearance of insect eggs, or white aphids. When the first author first saw the tip of the labellum he thought it had been nibbled on by a snail or slug. It is endemic to the Philippines and has been found on the islands of Mindoro and Leyte, the provinces of Bukidnon, Misamis Oriental and Zamboanga on the island of Mindanao, where it grows as an epiphyte at elevations of about 1200 m.
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Bulbophyllum rubrolingue Cootes et Boos (sect. Polymeres) is a most beautiful species with a large flower about 5 cm in height. The blooms open widley and are most pleasantly coloured; the tongue-shaped lip is red (lat. rubrolingua). It is endemic to the Philippines and is only known from the island of Leyte in the Visayan Sea, where it grows in rain forest, at elevations of around 600 m.
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''Additions to the orchid flora of Laos and taxonomic notes on orchids of the Indo-Burma region''

3/21/2018

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Pankaj Kumar, Stephan W. Gale, Henrik Æ. Pedersen, Thatsaphone Phaxaysombath, Somsanith Bouamanivong and Gunter A. Fischer


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Bulbophyllum alcicorne     Photo: Stephan W. Gale
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Bulbophyllum meson     Photo:  Thatsaphone Phaxaysombath
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Bulbophyllum monoliforme     Photo:  Pankaj Kumar
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Bulbophyllum scabratum    Photo:  Pankaj Kumar
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Bulbophyllum seidenfadenii; Figure 87 from Seidenfaden (1973a)
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Bulbophyllum seidenfadenii; Type specimen A.D.Kerr 2826 at Copenhagen (C);   Photo:  Henrik Æ. Pedersen
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Bulbophyllum seidenfadenii in situ in China;   Photo: Bingmou Wang
Taxonomic notes on Bulbophyllum tipula:
Averyanov et al. (2016b) described Bulbophyllum tipula from northern Vietnam, noting that it bears no clear affinity to any other known species and hence could not be assigned to any particular section. Wang et al. (2017) published B. lipingtaoi from China and compared it with B. japonicum, B. muscicola and B. omerandrum. According to their phylogram, the new species was found to be close to B. japonicum and hence they placed it in section Brachyantha Rchb.f. Bulbophyllum lipingtaoi shares virtually identical morphological traits and dimensions with B. tipula (diminutive, scrambling epiphyte with rugose pseudobulbs; inflorescence emerging from base of pseudobulb or rhizome node, bearing up to 3 sterile bracts; solitary flower with entire, ovate dorsal sepals, elongate lanceolate lateral sepals up to 2 cm long and a labellum lacking side lobes; column with a forward curving foot at base, small, rounded wings and minute, triangular stelidia). Malipo, the type locality of B. lipingtaoi, lies within 80 km of Bac Me District in northern Vietnam, and the habitat at both sites is humid evergreen forest on limestone karst above 1000 m elevation. We conclude that B. lipingtaoi should be synonymised under B. tipula.
Abstract: The following nine new additions to the orchid flora of Laos PDR are reported based on surveys in the country conducted during the period 2012–2017: Bulbophyllum alcicorne, B. meson, Coelogyne suaveolens, Cyrtosia nana, Dendrobium phuketense, Oberonia rhizoides, Phaius columnaris, Thelasis khasiana and Zeuxine longilabris. The taxonomy of a further 15 orchid taxa (Bulbophyllum guttulatum, B. moniliforme, B. sarcophyllum, B. scabratum, B. seidenfadenii, B. tipula, Cleisostoma lecongkietii, Coelogyne ovalis, Dendrobium chapaense, D. crepidatum, D. wattii, Habenaria gibsonii var. foetida, H. malintana, Luisia zeylanica and Phalaenopsis pulcherrima) native to Laos or adjacent countries is reviewed, resulting in the synonymisation of 20 names. In addition, new combinations are made for Grosourdya vietnamica, Luisia sonii and Holcoglossum gaoligongense to bring them in line with recent changes in the classification of the orchid family.

Taxonomic notes on Bulbophyllum moniliforme: (...) Within Bulbophyllum, it is readily assigned to Section Minutissima Pfitz. on the basis of its minute pseudobulbs that give rise to a single leaf and a 1-flowered inflorescence, its tubular floral bract, free sepals, undivided labellum that lacks a cavity on the adaxial surface, and its column foot that is not swollen distally (Pridgeon et al. 2014). Recently, Rao (2017) reduced B. paramjithii to the synonymy of B. jejosephii. The distribution of each of B. subtenellum, B. paramjithii and B. jejosephii falls within the wider distribution range of B. moniliforme (Govaerts et al. 2017). Variation in the number of veins in the sepals from three to five gives rise to overlapping character states, as is evident from figure 4E in Averyanov et al. (2016b), which shows lateral sepals with both three and four veins in a single flower of B. subtenellum. In the absence of any decisive morphological differences, we conclude that B. subtenellum, B. paramjithii and B. jejosephii cannot be maintained as distinct from B. moniliforme.
Taxonomic notes on Bulbophyllum scabratum: Following Govaerts et al. (2017), we have three species, B. psychoon (= B. lockii), B. levinei (= B. insulsum) and B. scabratum (= B. confertum), to take into consideration in resolving the taxonomy of this group of similar plants with overlapping distribution ranges in Indochina. All three show similar vegetative (clustered pseudobulbs; elliptic to lanceolate solitary leaf ca. 6 cm long) and reproductive morphology (peduncle with two sterile bracts; off-white flowers; labellum lacking sidelobes, apex tapering, longitudinally grooved on the upper surface; column shortly winged below the stigma, bearing two protruding stelidia 0.3–0.4 mm long). Bulbophyllum levinei has a dorsal sepal with an erose margin and divergent lateral sepals; in contrast, the dorsal sepal of B. psychoon is regarded as entire and the lateral sepals of this species are parallel; B. scabratum also has a dorsal sepal with an entire margin but its lateral sepals are either parallel or divergent. Variation in the placement of the lateral sepals, whether divergent, March 2018 Kumar et al.: Orchids of Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. 71 convergent or parallel, is sometimes observed in flowers on the same infloresence in Bulbophyllum (for example, as reported in B. retusiusculum by Lin & Wang 2014), hence this character cannot be considered significant for species delimitation. Furthermore, while studying living plants of B. levinei, we have observed that the margins of the dorsal sepal may appear entire when examined with the naked eye, but under a microscope they are certainly minutely erose. Similar observations were made with respect to B. lockii in Vietnam (Averyanov & Averyanova 2006, L. Averyanov, pers. comm.). We therefore find it likely that this character state has in many cases been overlooked by previous authors, and hence conclude that B. psychoon and B. levinei should be considered conspecific with B. scabratum. Global Distribution. Bhutan, 
Taxonomic notes on Bulbophyllum seidenfadenii:
(...) Bulbophyllum seidenfadenii (Kerr 1973) and B. jingdongense (Hu et al. 2017b) both belong to the “Cirrhopetalum alliance” and exhibit similar vegetative morphology (pseudobulbs globose, subglobose or ovoid, oblique or not, wrinkled, olive-green or reddish-purple, 5.0–14.0 mm in diameter, 4.2–9.3 mm tall, placed at 2.5–12. 5 mm intervals and embedded in the rhizome to give the impression that the roots are emerging directly from the pseudobulbs; leaf solitary, elliptic, orbicular or ovate, acute or obtuse, equally or unequally 2-lobed, 7– 11 veined, dark to dull green above, purple underneath) as well as reproductive characters (peduncle 6–11 mm long, with 2–3 sheaths at base, bearing 4–6 purple-spotted flowers in an umbellate arrangement; labellum without sidelobes; column with broad stelidia), both of which are rather variable between plants. Although Hu et al. (2017b) reported the stelidia in B. jingdongense to be “basally truncate, apex acuminate, .…merging with the column wings at apex”, we find this description to be essentially consistent with the broad stelidia present in B. seidenfadenii. Hu et al. (2017b) also specifically mention the presence of a conspicuous gland below the stigma on the column in B. jingdongense, and although neither Kerr (1973) nor Seidenfaden (1973a) refer to an equivalent structure in B. seidenfadenii, re-examination of the type specimen confirms the presence of a distinct, transversely ellipsoid projection (we are unable to confirm whether this is a gland or not) on the ventral side of the column. Although rarely mentioned in descriptions of Bulbophyllum species, ‘glands’ below the stigma are not uncommon in the genus (e.g. Verma et al. 2015). Hence, we conclude that B. jingdongense should be regarded as a synonym of B. seidenfadenii.  
Taxonomic notes on Bulbophyllum guttulatum:    (...) Bulbophyllum chyrmangensis was differentiated from B. guttulatum on the basis of its shorter inflorescence, fewer but larger flowers and the hairy margin of its labellum (Verma et al. 2015). Hooker (1890b) states the scape of B. guttulatum to be 6–10 inches (15–25 cm) long and equal to or exceeding the leaf, and the type specimen bears seven leaves with wide morphological variation. Seidenfaden (1992) provided a sketch from the type showing only four flowers in the inflorescence, whereas the illustration given by King & Pantling (1898) shows nine. Misra (2004), on the other hand, noted the length of the inflorescence in plants from central India to be 6–7 cm long. Most of these characters used for distinguishing the new species are therefore very variable and entirely overlapping with the morphology of B. guttulatum. Moreover, the distribution of B. chyrmangensis lies within the much wider distribution range of B. guttulatum (Govaerts et al. 2017). Given these observations, as well as the identical morphology of key species-level characters such as stelidia dimensions and orientation (filiform and projecting forward in both cases) and column wing outline (triangular in both cases), B. chyrmangensis is hereby synonymised under B. guttulatum. 
Taxonomic notes of Bulbophyllum sarcophyllum:
(...) In terms of the creeping rhizome, discoid bulbs spaced at 3–6 cm intervals and enclosed by a deciduous sheath (or fibrous remains of the sheath once it has fallen away), the umbellate inflorescence with sterile bracts present on the base as well as in the middle of the peduncle, filiform stelidia 0.8–0.9 mm in length that project forward, and rounded column wings, B. cherrapunjeense is inseparable from B. sarcophyllum, and is therefore here reduced to the synonymy of the latter. As discussed in the notes given under B. sarcophylloides above, Pearce & Cribb (2002) already specified the holotype for B. sarcophyllum (Pantling 95, CAL), although the condition of this specimen is poor.

Published in Taiwania 2018 vol.63 no.1 pp.61-83
DOI: 10.6165/tai.2018.63.61
http://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/taiwania/abstract.php?type=abstract&id=1544
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